SCADA


SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition is a category of the software application program for process control and real-time database also collected. In the industrial process such as production, manufacturing, development, maintaining, and fabrication where SCADA systems are used to monitor, control and communicate the above functions in industries and companies in the public and private sectors. SCADA also used in power plants as well as in oil and gas refining, telecommunications, transportation, and water management. The SCADA system also takes the reading of the meters and checks the status of sensors in regular interval.
Hardware and software components are included in  SCADA system where the data are gathered by hardware and data are sent to the computer where the SCADA software installed, where it also used to records and logs all events of the hardware.
SCADA also warn when the condition becomes hazardous by sounding alarms Effective SCADA systems can result in significant savings of time and money.  Where there are numerous case studies which had been published and highlighting the benefits and savings of using a modern SCADA software solution such as Ignition.
The Birth of SCADA:
SCADA origins tell that it was introduced in the mid-20th century, many manufacturing floors, industrial plants, and remote sites relied on personnel to manually control and monitor equipment via push buttons and analog dials.
As industrial floors and remotes website began to scale enter size, solutions were required to regulate instrumentality over long distances. Industrial organizations began to utilize relays and timers to supply some level of superordinate management while not having to send folks to remote locations to act with every device. In the 1970s, “SCADA” term has coined where it is a period of the rise of microprocessors and PLCs during that decade increased enterprises’ ability to monitor and control automated processes more than ever before.
Technical Functions of SCADA:
The basics function of SCADA are discussed in below steps
  1. Data Acquisition
  2. Supervisory Control
  3. Tagging
  4. Alarms
  5. Logging
  6. Load Shading
  7. Trending
Data Acquisition:
Basing information of power system such as CTs, PTs and transducers are collected is called as Data Acquisition. Data acquisition is the function of the SCADA which is required to perform the below functions
  1. It is used  to read the power system data from 100-250 RTU into the control center
  2. It detects and handles the error conditions of RTU and communication link as well as.
  3. It can be used to check the limits such as high/low operating limit, thermal limits, and safe handling limits.
  4. It can be used to convert the analog data into the binary data.
  5. It stores only the error-free data in the data b/c erroneous data causes the failure of the program.
  6. It can interface with the database manager, which generated the data address where data can be stored in a database.
  7. It completes all the above tasks in less than 2 seconds
Supervisory Control:
It enables the operator to remotely control the devices. For example open and close of the circuit breaker.
Tagging:
It prevents the device from unauthorized operation. Means it authorizes the device to perform the specific operation Alarms which informs the operator about the unnecessary events and undesired conditions.
Logging:
It logs all the operating entry, all alarms, and other information. In other words, it keeps the record of all the events.
Load shading:
It provides both the automatic and manual control tripping of load during the emergency.
Trending:
Trending plots the measurement on the selected time scale.
The SCADA system enables the operator to attain the complete knowledge of the system in a single room by means of display.
Almost all the SCADA systems are computer based (Digital computer). This computer is located in the master unit. The master unit is the heart of the SCADA system, it comprises many of the i/p and o/p equipment to receive and send the control message from and to the RTU.






 


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